Assessing the role of commercial complementary foods in children's diets in Kenya and Bangladesh

Background

Children and caregivers everywhere deserve access to affordable, healthy, and nutritious food. While homemade foods remain central to young children’s diets, the reality is that many families are also choosing commercial complementary foods (CCF), and they have a right to products that are safe and nutritionally appropriate.

Healthy Starts is a research initiative exploring how CCF are shaping the diets of older infants and young children in Kenya and Bangladesh. While wasting, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies remain major nutrition challenges among children under five, childhood overweight is also emerging as a concern, reflecting the growing double burden of malnutrition. These trends are occurring alongside rapid growth in the availability and consumption of commercially produced and packaged foods, including CCF.

 

While appropriately formulated and fortified CCF can play a positive role in young children’s diets, by providing essential nutrients in convenient forms, products high in sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats may displace more nutritious foods that children need for optimal growth and development.

Building on ATNi’s extensive research in Infant and Young Child Nutrition, assessing major manufacturers of breast-milk substitutes and CCF across markets, Healthy Starts provides a comprehensive assessment of the role of commercial complementary foods in young children’s diets, combining research on consumption, caregiver perceptions, markets and policies.

Objective

To understand the role of CCF in infants and young children’s diets in Kenya and Bangladesh amidst the growing CCF market.

To achieve this objective, the project addresses the following key research questions:

Consumption and perceptions

  • Which CCF and other commercial foods do young children consume? ​
  • What is their nutritional contribution to young children’s diets? ​
  • Why do caregivers choose, or avoid, these products?​

Market and product landscape

  • What CCF products are available in the market?
  • Are these products healthy and responsibly marketed?

Local CCF production

  • What are the challenges and opportunities for local production of healthy, affordable, and accessible CCF?

Activities

In the first phase of the project, ATNi conducted a policy and market landscape analysis in Kenya and Bangladesh to understand the status and key determinants of infant and young child nutrition, the evolving CCF market, and relevant policies and guidelines. The analysis combined desk research with key informant interviews with local and global experts. The findings highlighted key evidence gaps and informed the design of the project’s subsequent research activities.

  1. 24-hour dietary recall to assess the contribution of commercial and home-prepared foods to the diets and nutrient intake of children aged 6-36 months in Kenya.
  2. Focus group discussions and interviews with caregivers and healthcare professionals to understand complementary feeding practices, caregivers’ perceptions of commercial foods, and the factors shaping feeding decisions in Kenya and Bangladesh.
  3. Assessment of CCFs using the WHO Nutrient and Promotion Profiling Model to assess the nutritional quality, labelling practices, and pricing of locally produced and imported CCF available in Kenya.
  4. Interviews with companies operating in Kenya and Bangladesh’s CCF market to understand industry practices, challenges, and opportunities in improving the availability of nutritious foods for young children.
Outcomes

The Healthy Starts project findings will be used to:

  • Provide robust evidence to monitor progress and strengthen accountability across the CCF sector.
  • Support manufacturers in improving the nutritional quality, responsible marketing, affordability and accessibility of CCF by identifying technical and financial support needs and connecting them to relevant resources, guidance and support opportunities.
  • Strengthen policies and programmes to support healthy complementary feeding.
  • Inform investors and development partners seeking to strengthen local markets and mobilise financial and technical support towards businesses that can address dietary gaps identified and improve access to affordable, nutritious foods for young children.
  • Promote dialogue and sharing of best practices among governments, industry, civil society and international organisations.

The project aims to contribute to healthier diets during the complementary feeding period, helping reduce malnutrition in all its forms and supporting children’s growth, development, and future opportunities.

Timeline

The projected timeline for this project is April 2025 to September 2026. Project findings will be published and launched in Q3 2026.

 

Contact Information

For more information linked to the project, please reach out to:  

Marina Plyta: marina.plyta@atni.org

Acknowledgments

The Healthy Starts project is funded by the Children’s Investment Fund Foundation.

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